Checking Your Credit vs. Checking Your Ability to Repay

Checking Your Credit vs. Checking Your Ability to Repay Checking Your Credit vs. Checking Your Ability to Repay Checking Your Credit vs. Checking Your Ability to RepayIf you have bad credit, then you have to be on the lookout for predatory lenders, so start looking for lenders who check your ability to repay the money youre borrowing.For people with good credit, any loan they take out is going to come with a credit check. They’re not too worried about it because, well, they have good credit! Check away, lenders and landlords! No skeletons in these here closets.But for people with bad credit, the situation is totally different. The requirement that a lender checks their credit means they might as well not apply. Besides, a hard credit check will actually lower your score slightly, and a bad credit score needs all the help it can get.When folks with bad credit need a loan, they often end up settling for bad credit loans and no credit check loans. These loans don’t come with credit checks, but they do come with much higher rates than standard personal loans. Some of them can be downright pred atory, trapping borrowers in a dangerous cycle of debt.That doesn’t have to happen, though! There are bad credit loans out there that can provide helpful bridge financing for someone who’s in a bind. If you have bad credit, it’s all about finding the right bad credit loan. And a good place to start is by finding a lender who, even though they aren’t checking your credit, still checks your ability to repay.How do bad credit loans work?Bad credit loans are a little different from regular personal loans. Since they’re meant for folks with poor credit scores, they see much higher default rates than loans that are aimed at people with prime scores. As such, bad credit loans come with much higher interest rates to counteract those higher rates of default.Many bad credit loans, like payday loans  cash advances, and title loans are extremely short-term loans, with average repayment periods of only two weeks. They’re small-dollar loans, too; while rates will vary from lender to l ender and from state to state, short-term payday loans aren’t usually offered for more than a few hundred dollars.These short-term loans are paid off in a single lump sum, and they charge interest as a flat fee at an average rate of $15 per $100 borrowed. (In terms of APR, that adds up to 391 percent on a two-week loan!) If you borrowed a $400 cash advance at a 15 percent interest rate, you’d pay it back in a single payment of $460 on the loan’s due date.There are also bad credit installment loans, which are structured like regular personal loans, just with higher interest rates. The interest for bad credit installment loans is accrued over time, and they come with an amortizing payment structure, which means that every payment you make goes towards both the principal amount owed and the interest.How do credit checks work?When a traditional lender is assessing a loan application, they want to see whether or not the borrower in question is likely to repay their loan. One of the best ways that they have to determine this is by checking the person’s credit.This doesn’t just mean checking their credit score, either. A “hard” check on a person’s credit score will return a copy of their credit report as well.Credit reports are documents maintained by the major credit reporting agencies that track your history as a borrower. The information on those reports is used to create people’s credit scores, and getting a copy of someone’s credit report allows a lender to get a full view of their credit history.Recent credit inquiries make up 10 percent of your overall score. Anytime a hard credit check is made on your history, that check is, itself, recorded on your credit report. Applications for new credit usually temporarily ding a persons score by 5 points or so, and many checks in a short-period can lower it even more.“Soft” credit checks, on the other hand, return far less information than a hard credit check, but they also don’t get reported o n a person’s credit report and they don’t affect their score.Finding a lender who checks your ability to repay.All of the loans mentioned in the first section of this post don’t require a hard credit check as a part of their application process. But some of these lenders don’t do anything else to verify whether a borrower can afford the loan they’re applying for. That’s where things get risky.With short-term payday cash advances, it can actually be very difficult for many customers to pay these loans back on time. Those lump sum repayments can blow a large hole in many people’s monthly budgets, leading them to roll over their loan or take out a new loan in order to make ends meet.This is how people end up trapped in a cycle of debt, continually incurring new interest fees and charges in order to, essentially, borrow the same amount of money over and over again. They throw money at their loan every couple of weeks without ever getting closer to getting out of debt.Some lenders will issue a loan to almost anyone who applies, regardless of whether they can afford that loan or not. Other lenders will run a soft credit check, verify a borrower’s income, or perform other underwriting measures to ensure that borrowers can reasonably pay back the money they’re borrowing.If you have bad credit and need a loan to cover emergency expenses, find a lender who checks your ability to repay. It’ll help you steer clear of a dangerous payday debt trap and stay on the road to getting debt-free.Want to improve your score and stop worrying about credit checks? Then  check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:How to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsNo Credit Card? Here Are 6 Ways You Can Still Fix Your Credit ScoreCredit Utilization Ratio: What It Is, Why It’s Important, and How to Master ItWhy You Should NOT Close That Old Credit CardDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  a nd  Twitter.  |Instagram

Romeo And Juliet Argumentative Essay - 756 Words

Romeo and Juliet Argumentative Essay William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is set in 16th century Verona, Italy. A play that relays the story of two young lovers whose ill-fated deaths end an ancient family feud. The two lovers, Romeo and Juliet, come from families who disapprove of their love. Their situation complicates as the play progresses, with an arranged marriage and several deaths. Romeo and Juliet both fall to the consequences of their secret marriage. Even from the beginning, their decisions were rash; especially from Romeo. Shakespeare use of various tactics in developing Romeo’s character in the play. He shows that Romeo has an impulsive and emotional disposition. In the play Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is irrational. Firstly, after meeting Juliet for the first time, Romeo falls hopelessly in love. He climbs the wall to her orchard; he drops in where a guard of the Capulet household could have killed him. But he thinks he is on â€Å"love’s light win gs†(II.ii.30) When Juliet steps on her balcony, she scolds Romeo. But he tells Juliet that he would rather die than be without her love â€Å"And but thou love me, let them find me her†¦ My life were better ended by their hate†¦ Than death prorogued, wanting of thy love.† (II.ii.80-83) Romeo has only known Juliet for barely a night and he is already in love with her. He already wants a future with Juliet without even trying to get to know her. This shows how quite irrational Romeo is because he’s quick to judge. How does heShow MoreRelatedRomeo And Juliet Argumentative Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet Argumentative Paper Have you ever heard of a story about two lovers who commit suicide because of a secret that was kept to keep them together? In the book Romeo and Juliet , by William Shakespeare, is about two lovers who come from two families who are enemies. The two fell in love and their parents refuse to let them marry each other. At the end both the lovers die. This connects to my topic because of one secret that was kept to save them killed six people. Even though some mayRead MoreThe Senseless Couple: Romeo and Juliets Tragedy1157 Words   |  5 PagesIs love worth it all? As publicized in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, reckless decisions may possibly lead to an unforeseen and dreadful conclusion. He also makes it known that if feelings about a situation are over dramatized they can cause a hazardous faux pas. That is exactly what Romeo, Juliet, and Friar Lawrence implement in Shakespeare’s tragedy. In Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the major characters cause the tragi c outcome of the drama through their bad choices and decisions. Read MoreImpetuosity Essay example1130 Words   |  5 PagesWrite an essay in which hasty decisions or actions result in the final tragedy of the play. Definition Impetuosity means acting without thinking about the consequences. A few of the characters in the play ‘Romeo and Juliet’ demonstrate this characteristic through the things they do and say. The most prominent characters that show this trait are Romeo, Juliet, Lord Capulet, and Friar Lawrence. Romeo The essay shall start by talking about Romeo. As soon asRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1591 Words   |  7 Pagesof fifty-two, his work became some of the most reputable works of all time. They have been enjoyed as timeless classics to this day. The works I have chosen to compare are Romeo and Juliet and Much Ado About Nothing, both of which were written by Shakespeare. I have chosen these works because Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet knowing he was writing an olden, cliche love story, whereas Much Ado About Nothing was written as a refreshing comedy. I believe Shakespeare had the ability to write piecesRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN ESSAY Libre2222 Words   |  9 PagesOf Mice And Men Essay Of mice and men essay State of California. essay writers salt lake city research paper writing chattanooga buy college ruled paper. Of mice and men essay Metis-sur-Mer of mice and men essay Columbus, Leicestershire, Palmdale, Bakersfield of mice and men essay san antonio write essay for me, of mice and men essay Alexandria uploading essay to common app, Chester of mice and men essay Norfolk geometry and algebra 1 formula sheet Of mice and men essay State of Rhode Island andRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 PagesHow To Write Literary Analysis The Literary Essay: A Step-by-Step Guide When you read for pleasure, your only goal is enjoyment. You might find yourself reading to get caught up in an exciting story, to learn about an interesting time or place, or just to pass time. Maybe you’re looking for inspiration, guidance, or a reflection of your own life. There are as many different, valid ways of reading a book as there are books in the world. When you read a work of literature in an English class

Mental Health And Physical And Sexual Abuse - 971 Words

Medical: Joshua Beavers had a physical completed by Amudha Palani, M.D., TPMG Hidenwood Family Medicine, located in Newport News, Virginia on 06/30/2015. It is Dr. Palani’s opinion that Mr. Beavers is physically and emotionally able to foster/adopt and assume the additional responsibilities of caring for foster children on a full time basis. Joseph Beavers completed a T.B. Risk Assessment on 07/30/2015; the test results were â€Å"free from tuberculosis†. The test was completed at Patient First, located in Hampton, Virginia. Substance Abuse/Mental Health/Physical/Sexual Abuse History: Mr. Beavers denies any history of substance, physical, or sexual abuse and has never experienced any psychiatric issues. The Resource Mother: Mrs. Beavers was born in Atlanta, Georgia on August 31, 1982. Mrs. Beavers is the oldest of two girls born to Ruth and Wally Veal. Mrs. Beavers’ parents have been married for 34 years; this was the only marriage for both of them. According to Mrs. Beavers, her parents had their â€Å"ups and downs†. While in elementary school Mrs. Beavers shared her parents briefly separated, but reconciled their marriage. Overall she described her parents’ marriage as â€Å"normal†. Mrs. Beavers described her mother as a strong, giving, understanding and loving person. Mrs. Beavers described her father as hardworking, family oriented, gentle and firm. Both of Mrs. Beavers’ parents completed high school. As a child, Mrs. Beavers’ mother and father both worked for DanShow MoreRelatedIntimate Partner And Sexual Violence1555 Words   |  7 PagesNational Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence 2010 survey, will provide statistical information on victims who experienced one or more violent crimes from their husband, wife, boyfriend or girlfriend. These crimes arrange from stalking, rape, to physical and mental abuse. It will examine the impact of intimate partner violence on gender, race, and ethnicity. This report will give an overview of health consequences and the implications for prevention for Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence. Lastly, thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Eating Disorders On Health872 Words   |  4 PagesHealth can be expressed in many different ways: physical health is easily identified by an individual’s ability to perform tasks with agility, endurance or speed. There are ways to enhance these fa ctors through exercise and healthy eating as well as regular health screenings. However, there is another facet of human health that is less easily identified: mental health. Mental health impacts everyone in varying ways and in varying degrees. Sometimes the symptoms are easily identified, such as withRead MoreThe Long Term Health Consequences Of Child Physical Abuse Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle paper aims at providing an overview of the article â€Å"The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis† by Norman, et.al. The research aims at highlighting the evidence that relates child physical and sexual abuse, emotional abuse and neglect with the subsequent mental and physical health outcomes. Child physical abuse, emotional violence, sexual assault, and neglect are some of the most severe concerns affecting childrenRead MoreDiploma827 Words   |  4 Pagesfollowing types of abuse: - Physical Abuse 1.1a – Physical abuse can be defined as causing actual physical harm to an individual. 1.2a - The signs and symptoms associated with physical abuse can be e.g. hitting, shaking, biting, throwing, burning and suffocating. 1.3a - The factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to physical abuse can be due to their age, their physical ability, a physical disability, a sensory impairment, learning difficulties, mental health issues, or theirRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 Pageschallenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, Reid, Plax Drake, 2015). Risk factors of teen pregnancyRead MoreChild Abuse : Developmental Effects For Adolescents1653 Words   |  7 PagesChild Abuse: Developmental Effects for Adolescents Taylor Gowen Psych 210 Human Growth and Development Professor Lou Bacon Great Bay Community College Introduction - Adolescence is defined as the bridge between childhood and adulthood, which begins at the age of 12 and ends around the age of 18 (Scannapieco Connell-Carrick, 2005). Adolescence is a time where a lot of changing and transformation occurs throughout the body. At this time, adolescence experience physical, emotionalRead MoreChild Abuse Is A Common And Sad Fate For Many Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesChild abuse is a common and sad fate for many children today, statistics show that more than four children die every day because of child abuse. Abused children not only experience the effects of the abuse in childhood, but in adulthood as well. There are ways to detect child abuse and how you can help these children. ChildHelp.org stated that â€Å"Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States.† Child abuse is a terrible epidemic that needs to be put to an endRead MoreHealth and Social Care Unit 51111 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 5 Principles of Safeguarding and Protection in health and social care 1.1, 1.2 Physical Abuse Physical abuse is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, pain, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm.. Physical abuse includes... * Hitting / slapping / kicking * Pushing * Pinching * Force feeding * Burning / scalding * Misuse of medication or restraint * Catheterisation for the convenience of staff * Refusing access toRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Child Sexual Abuse1467 Words   |  6 PagesLong-term effects of child sexual abuse Child Abuse can be a fundamental reason of causing issues for children and young people in physically and mentally. The primitive damage caused by child sexual abuse effect on the child’s developing capacities for trust, intimacy, agency and sexuality so that child sexual abuse is considered as a trigger of mental health problems and increase the risk of major depressive disorder in early adulthood or throughout their lifetime. There is a fact that thoseRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Children s Mental Health941 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Domestic Violence Domestic violence refers to any occurrence of threatening abuse, behavior, or violence (financial, emotional, physical, psychological, or sexual) between adults who are present or past intimate partners or family members (Hester, Pearson, Harwin, 2006, p. 18). It is also known by an assortment of other names: battering, family violence, marital abuse, partner abuse, and wife beating, just to name a few. Domestic violence can be described as choking, burning, beating

Paragliding Gliding and Foot-launched Glider Aircraft Free Essays

Paragliding Paragliding is the recreational and competitive adventure sport of flying paragliders: lightweight, free-flying, foot-launched glider aircraft. The pilot sits in a harness suspended below a hollow fabric wing whose shape is formed by its suspension lines, the pressure of air entering in the front of the wing and the forces of the air flowing over the outside. Despite not using an engine, paraglider flights can last many hours and cover many hundreds of kilometres, though flights of 1-2 hours and covering some tens of kilometres are more the norm. We will write a custom essay sample on Paragliding: Gliding and Foot-launched Glider Aircraft or any similar topic only for you Order Now By skilful exploitation of sources of lift the pilot may gain height, often climbing to a few thousand metres over the surrounding countryside. Paragliders are unique among soaring aircraft in being easily portable. The complete equipment packs into a rucksack and can be carried easily on the pilot’s back[2], in a car, or on public transport. In comparison with other air sports this substantially simplifies travel to a suitable take off spot, the selection of a landing place and return travel. Paragliding is related to the following activities: Hang gliding is a close cousin, and hang glider and paraglider launches are often found in proximity. [3] Despite the considerable difference in equipment the two activities offer similar pleasures and some pilots are involved in both sports. †¢ Powered paragliding is the flying of paragliders with a small engine attached. †¢ Speed riding or speed flying is the separate sport of flying paragliders of reduced size. These wings have increased speed, though they are not normally capable of soaring flight. The sport involves taking off on skis or on foot and swooping rapidly down in close proximity to the slope, even periodically touching it if skis are used. †¢ Paragliding can be of local importance as a commercial activity. [4][5] Paid accompanied tandem flights are available in many mountainous regions, both in the winter and in the summer. In addition there are many schools offering courses,[6] and guides who lead groups of more experienced pilots exploring an area. Finally there are the manufacturers and the associated repair and after sales services. How to cite Paragliding: Gliding and Foot-launched Glider Aircraft, Papers

VAWA Essay Example

VAWA Essay It is an established fact that the extent to which human societies are developed today, there are very rare examples of such developments in past. Now there is more awareness about the rights of every segment of the society, including the women – the most neglected segment in past.   Violence against the women has always been a common menace for many societies. In various period of history, numerous actions have been taken to overcome this issue. One of those measures is to protect the women against violence through legal reforms. This paper summarizes the issues with the existing VAWA (Violence against Women Act).About VAWAViolence against Women Act is the federal law of United States which is aimed to protect the women against violence. It is not just a policy document; rather it has variety of measures related to women abuse, like persecution of the abuser, support of victim etc.   With the help of various organizations, Senator John Biden drafted it. It was passed in 1 994 and It was re-authorized in 2000 and then again in 2005.Problems with VAWADespite a great amount of efforts in its drafting, there are several issues with this act as well. These issues are as follows.The first issue is that VAWA has no significant measures to curb the abuse by intimate partner.   According to the Bureau of Justice Statistical Report, 40-50% of the women are physically injured, when assaulted by their intimate partner and this accounts for around 200,000 visits in the hospital’s emergency rooms, each year.Secondly, it is also often argued that aggressive persuasion policy would place women at greater risk. These laws are defined very broad, thus there are rare chances to get the real victim protected, as abuser can manipulate many clauses of the law. The law requires the cops to arrest the alleged abuser even if no signs of abuse are there or the women do not want the abuser to be jailed.   This clause prevents the women to report with the fear of fut ure violence; on the other hand, it may also be misused by women to settle their petty issues with their partners.It has also been observed that Policies for treatment of offenders, no-drop prosecution, and restraining orders do not appear to be effective. These laws are often termed by various segments of society, especially males as discriminatory against males and various states have implemented it in their own way.   In doing so, they have restricted various rights which are usually considered as civil liberty. It is also said in the criticism of this law that female specific treatment for female abusers is almost non-existent. Moreover, the victim houses / shelters which are supposed to be provided for female abusers, do not meet the required standards. It is also criticized about VAWA that it, in conjunction with the broadened definition of child abuse, provides for a system that removes children from their homes. Above all, an allegation of domestic violence under the broad ly-defined laws of the VAWA can lead to family break-ups.To sum up, there is no law which is perfect in nature, due to one reason or another, it does possess some loopholes.   However, what really can be done is to patch up the loopholes that emerge over the period of time, out of its uses and misuses.   Most of these reasons have been extracted from Radar (2007).RecommendationsAs already discussed, there is no law which is totally perfect. Rather, it evolves and improves over time. Following recommendations seems to remove or at least minimize the effect of the issues discussed above.First of all, it must be kept in mind that no law is implemented in isolation. There may be range of economic, social and socioeconomic factors that interact with each other and thus, due to this interaction, the law sometimes does not provide the outcome it is intended to.   Thus, there is a need of integrated public policy.   Thus, the law must be drafted keeping in view not only the women, b ut all those segments in society that are affected by this.Most of the issues discussed above have emerged as a result of socioeconomic factors which seem to be ignored while drafting the law. Thus, in first place, there is a need for conducting preliminary studies to inquire about the correlation of various social and economic factors those results in violence against women. Secondly, there is a need to redefine the term ‘domestic violence’. This process of redefinition should replace vague and ambiguous parts with more concrete and specific parts. Moreover, it is also recommended that the gender sensitive treatment should be carried out with male and female abusers.   The law must also address the need for state custody of the child, in the case when both the parents are deemed to undergo the treatment.Works CitedFeminists for Just and Equitable Public Policy (FemJEPP). (2002). Good Policy for Women. Retrieved July 18, 2008 from http://www.femjepp.ca/tools/good_poli cy.pdfRespecting Accuracy in Domestic Abuse Reporting (RADAR). (2007). Has VAWA Delivered its Promises to Women? Retrieved July 18, 2008 from http://www.mediaradar.org/docs/RADARreport-VAWA-Has-It-Delivered-on-Its-Promises-to-Women.pdf

The Offerings of Leviticus

The Offerings of Leviticus Free Online Research Papers How can an unholy people approach a holy God? God provided a way for His people to approach Him. God and the sinner can have no fellowship until sin has been resolved, and the only way for sin to be dealt with was by way of sacrifice. â€Å"And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission.† (Hebrews 9:22) In Old Testament times, before Christ died on Calvary as the final and complete offering for our sins, God provided five types of offering as temporary provision for sin: 1. Burnt Offering 2. Meal Offering 3. Peace Offering 4. Sin Offering 5. Trespass Offering These five types of offerings are divided into three and two. The first three (Burnt, Meal and Peace) are sweet savour offerings. The remaining two (Sin and Trespass) are non-sweet savour offerings. The first three offerings are voluntary. The other two offerings are compulsory. The Burnt Offering stands first in Leviticus. This Offering did not refer to any particular sin, but was to make an atonement for sin in general. This was an offering of surrender and dedication. This offering was a free will offering, offered twice daily, besides frequently on other occasions. The Burnt Offering was an offering that was wholly consumed on the altar. In its significance it expressed the complete consecration, which should be the habitual state of the true worshipper. If a man were rich and could afford it, he would bring his Burnt sacrifice, with which he intended to honor God, out of his herd of larger cattle. Those of the middle rank that could not afford to offer a bullock, would bring a sheep or a goat. Those that were not able to bring a sheep or a goat brought a turtle-dove or a pigeon. The animal to be offered must be a male. No animal was allowed to be offered that had any deformity or defect. An inspection was made by the priest, and the animal having been declared perfect, was then used for the sacrifice. The Burnt Offering was brought to the door of the tabernacle. The offerer then put his hand upon the head of his offering. This was an acknowledgement that he deserved to die, and would have been willing to die if God had required it. He laid his hand on the head of the burnt offering to confess that he had left undone what he ought to have done, and to pray that, though he deserved to die himself, the death of his sacrifice might be accepted for the atonement of his guilt. â€Å"and he shall put his hand upon the head of the burnt offering; and it shall be accepted for him to make atonement for him.† (Leviticus 1:4) The sacrifice of the Burnt Offering was to be killed. The Priest were to then take the blood and sprinkle it upon the altar. The blood being the life, it was this that made atonement for the soul. â€Å"For the life of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your souls: for it is the blood that maketh an atonement for the soul. (Leviticus 17:11) We no longer offer Burnt Offerings as in the Old Testament. By offering our entire life in dedication, we are fulfilling the same command of God. Our surrendered life becomes our Burnt Offering. The Meat Offering was intended as a thankful acknowledgement to God for his provisions. It was an offering that was often brought with Burnt or Peace Offerings, but never with Sin or Trespass Offerings. It was also an offering that could have been made separately. The ingredients of the Meat Offering were fine flour, oil and frankincense. The offerer could have baked it, fried it, or mixed the flour and oil upon a plate. The offering was to be presented by the offerer to the priest, which is called bringing it to the Lord, for the priests were God’s receivers, and were ordained to offer gifts.# Part of the Meat Offering was burnt upon the altar and the remainder was to be given to the priests. Every Meat Offering was seasoned with salt but leaven and honey were forbidden to be put in. â€Å"No meat offering, which ye shall bring unto the Lord, shall be made with leaven: for ye shall burn no leaven, nor honey, in any offering of the Lord made by fire.† (Leviticus 2:11) The oil and incense were used to give a fragrant odor. Paul in Philippians 4:18 refers to this sweet smelling sacrifice that is well pleasing to God. The Peace Offering is a voluntary offering. It was an offering of thankfulness. The word Peace often signifies prosperity and happiness. The Peace Offering can be divided into three parts: 1. An offering of thankfulness. 2. A votive offering 3. A voluntary offering. When giving a Peace Offering of thankfulness it was often for some special mercy received. The votive offering was made in performance of some vow which a man made. The voluntary offering was often in supplication for some special mercy which a man was requesting. The Peace Offering would be brought to the door of the tabernacle. This is where the offerer would lay his hand upon the head of the offering be it male or female without blemish. The offering would be killed and the priests sprinkled the blood round about the altar. The Peace offering differed from the Burnt Offering in that while the Burnt Offering was wholly consumed on the altar, the Peace Offering was only partly consumed on the altar. The fat alone was burnt, only a small part was allotted to the priests, while the rest was granted to the offerer and his friends. The flesh of the Peace Offerings both the priest’s and offerer’s share had to be eaten quickly, and not kept long. If it was a Peace Offering of thanksgiving, it must all be eaten the same day. If it was for a votive or voluntary offering it was to be eaten either the same day or the day after. If any of the offering was left beyond the time limit, it was to be burnt. The offerer might take the offering to their own tents and eat it there, yet God would by law make them to know a difference between that and other meat. Where they might have kept other meat cold in the house as long as they thought fit, and warm it again if they pleased, and eat it three or four days after, they might not do so with the flesh of their Peace Offerings, but it must be eaten immediately. â€Å"And if any of the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings be eaten at all on the third day, it shall not be accepted, neither shall it be imputed unto him that offered it: it shall be an abomination, and the soul that eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.† (Leviticus 7:18) The Sin Offering is the first of the offerings that was required. Unlike the voluntary sweet savour offerings, the object and effect of the sin offering were to be the forgiveness of sin. The primary difference between the Sin Offering (Leviticus 4) and the Trespass Offering (Leviticus 5) is that the Sin Offering deals with sins that were done in ignorance, while the Trespass Offering dealt with specific known sins. The sin offering was for the inborn sin the root sin, or the sin nature. The Trespass Offering for the outward acts of sin the fruit of sin. There were two kinds of Sin Offering, one for the whole congregation and the other for individuals. The value of the sacrifice that was selected for the sin offering depended on the seriousness of the offense committed. This was also measured by the status and spiritual responsibility of the party that was guilty of the sin. The Sin Offering of the Priest was to be a bullock. The significance of the bullock in relation to the priest’s sin offering was that the bullock was the greatest offering; therefore it was appropriate for those in high spiritual office. The blood from the offering was to be collected in basins and brought into the Tabernacle. Seven times the Priest would dip his finger into the blood and sprinkle it before the veil that separated the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies. The priest would then dip his finger into the basin of blood, this time to put the blood on the horns of the altar of incense. Coming out from the Holy Place, the priest would go to the brazen altar and pour all the blood of the bullock at the bottom of the altar. If the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance then the same sacrifice would be made but there would be a difference in the ceremony. The elders or heads of the tribes, as representing the people, and being the principal aggressors in misleading the congregation, laid their hands on the head of the victim. When a ruler had sinned the offering was to be a male goat without blemish. The difference in this offering was that the blood was not taken to the Holy Place but was put on the horns of the brazen altar, where the remainder of the blood was poured out. If any one of the common people were to sin through ignorance the ceremony would be the same as that of the rulers. The difference between the two ceremonies would be that they would bring a female goat or lamb without blemish for a sacrifice. The Trespass Offering was offered similar to the sin offering, but it was different because it was for the offering of a specific sin and not a person. There were different categories of sin which were covered by the Trespass Offering. For each of these cases the offender must confess his sin and bring his offering; and the offering was not accepted unless it was accompanied with a penitential confession and a humble prayer for pardon. There are a number of acceptable offerings, again depending on the individuals financial status. Those that were able would bring a female from the flock, a lamb or a kid of a goat. If they could not afford a lamb they might bring a pair of turtle-doves or two young pigeons. If you were extremely poor they would bring the tenth part of an ephah of fine flour. Sin through ignorance of the holy things of the Lord. This is a case of sacrilege committed ignorantly, either in not paying for the full due of tithes, first-fruits, and similar tribute in eating of meats, which belonged to the priests alone or he was required, along with the restitution in money, the amount of which was to be determined by the priest, to offer a ram for trespass offering as soon as he came to the knowledge of his involuntary fraud. Another Trespass is when one sins though he is in doubt of the sin. â€Å"And if a soul sin, and commit any of these things which are forbidden to be done by the commandments of the Lord; though he wist it not, yet is he guilty, and shall bear his iniquity.† (Leviticus 5:17) An example of this trespass would be if one were to sit down to another man’s table and eat of their meat, questioning whether it was intermingled with parts they were not supposed to partake of. In this case the person would bring a ram as a Trespass Offering. Trespass Offering for sins done deliberately. Examples of this would be things stolen, deceitfully gotten, or wrongfully kept. The Offender was to return the articles to the rightful owner, along with a fifth part out of his own possessions. He was to also bring a ram as a Trespass Offering. Jesus is our Sin Offering and Trespass Offering (Isaiah 53:10), willingly dying for the sins of the world, bringing us forgiveness for our sins and reconciliation to God. As with Jesus, the lesson of offering is to be fulfilled in us. We are encouraged to present our bodies a living sacrifice, wholly acceptable unto God. This is our reasonable service. â€Å"I BESEECH you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service.† (Romans 12:1) Bibliography Brown, Fausset, Jamieson. A Commentary. Michigan: William B. Eerdman’s Publishing Company. 1978. Henry, Matthew. Matthew Henry’s Commentary. Virginia: MacDonald Publishing Company. Iternet. Modlish, James. The Levitical Offerings. Washington: www.thebiblestudypage.com. MaClaren, Alexander. Expositions of Holy Scripture. Michigan: WM. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 1932. James, King. Kirban Reference Bible King James Version. USA: AMG Publishers. 1979 Research Papers on The Offerings of LeviticusAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Hockey Game19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraDefinition of Export QuotasGenetic EngineeringTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductQuebec and CanadaWhere Wild and West MeetResearch Process Part One

Emperor Qins Tomb -- Not Just Terracotta Soldiers

Emperor Qin's Tomb Not Just Terracotta Soldiers The exquisite terracotta army of the first Qin Dynasty ruler Shihuangdi represents the emperor’s ability to control the resources of the newly unified China, and his attempt to recreate and maintain that empire in the afterlife. The soldiers are part of Shihuangdis tomb, located near the modern town of Xian, Shaanxi province in China. That, scholars believe, is why he built the army, or rather had them built, and the story of the Qin and his army is a great tale. The Emperor Qin The first emperor of all China was a fellow named Ying Zheng, born in 259 BC during the Warring States Period, a chaotic, fierce, and dangerous time in Chinese history. He was a member of the Qin dynasty, and ascended to the throne in 247 BC at the age of twelve and a half. In 221 BC King Zheng united all of what is now China and renamed himself Qin Shihuangdi (First Heavenly Emperor of Qin), although ‘united’ is rather a tranquil word to be using for the bloody conquest of the region’s small polities. According to the Shi Ji records of the Han dynasty court historian Sima Qian, Qin Shihuangdi was a phenomenal leader, who began connecting existing walls to create the first version of the Great Wall of China; constructed an extensive network of roads and canals throughout his empire; standardized philosophy, law, written language and money; and abolished feudalism, establishing in its place provinces run by civilian governors. Qin Shihuangdi died in 210 BC, and the Qin dynasty was quickly extinguished within a few years by the early rulers of the subsequent Han dynasty. But, during the brief period of Shihuangdi’s rule, a remarkable testament to his control of the countryside and its resources was constructed: a semi-subterranean mausoleum complex, which included an estimated army of 8,000 life-size sculpted clay terracotta soldiers, chariots, and horses. Shihuangdis Necropolis: Not Just Soldiers The terracotta soldiers are only a part of the vast mausoleum project, covering an area of some 30 square kilometers (11.5 square miles). In the middle of the precinct is the still-unexcavated tomb of the king, 500x500 meters (1640x1640 feet) square and covered by an earthen mound some 70 m (230 ft) high. The tomb lies within a walled precinct, measuring 2,100x975 m (6,900x3,200 ft), which protected administrative buildings, horse stables and cemeteries. Within the central precinct were found 79 pits with burial goods, including ceramic and bronze sculptures of cranes, horses, chariots; stone-carved armor for humans and horses; and human sculptures that archaeologists have interpreted as representing officials and acrobats. The three pits containing the now-famous terracotta army are located 600 m (2,000 ft) east of the mausoleum precinct, in a farm field where they were re-discovered by a well-digger in the 1920s. Those pits are three out of at least 100 others within an area measuring 5x6 kilometers (3x3.7 miles). Other pits identified to date include the tombs of craftspeople, and a subterranean river with bronze birds and terracotta musicians. Despite nearly constant excavation since 1974, there are still large areas as yet unexcavated. According to Sima Qian, construction on the mausoleum precinct began shortly after Zheng became king, in 246 BC, and it continued until about a year after he died. Sima Qian also describes the demolition of the central tomb in 206 BC by Xiang Yus rebel army, who burned it and looted the pits. Pit Construction Four pits were excavated to hold the terracotta army, although only three were filled by the time construction ceased. The construction of the pits included excavation, placement of a brick floor, and construction of a sequence of rammed earth partitions and tunnels. The floors of the tunnels were covered with mats, the life-sized statuary was placed erect on the mats and the tunnels were covered with logs. Finally each pit was buried. In Pit 1, the largest pit (14,000 square meters or 3.5 acres), the infantry was placed in rows four deep. Pit 2 includes a U-shaped layout of chariots, cavalry and infantry; and Pit 3 contains a command headquarters. About 2,000 soldiers have been excavated so far; archaeologists estimate that there are over 8,000 soldiers (infantry to generals), 130 chariots with horses, and 110 cavalry horses. Continuing Excavations Chinese excavations have been conducted at Shihuangdi’s mausoleum complex since 1974, and have included excavations in and around the mausoleum complex; they continue to reveal astonishing findings. As archaeologist Xiaoneng Yang describes Shihuangdi’s mausoleum complex, â€Å"Ample evidence demonstrates the First Emperor’s ambition: not only to control all aspects of the empire during his lifetime but to recreate the entire empire in microcosm for his after- life.† Please see the slide show on the terracotta soldiers for more information on the soldiers and artifacts found within the Qins mausoleum. Sources Bevan A, Li X, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Green S, Xia Y, Zhao K, Zhao Z, Ma S, Cao W, and Rehren T. 2014. Computer vision, archaeological classification and Chinas terracotta warriors. Journal of Archaeological Science 49:249-254. Bonaduce I, Blaensdorf C, Dietemann P, and Colombini MP. 2008. The binding media of the polychromy of Qin Shihuangs Terracotta Army. Journal of Cultural Heritage 9(1):103-108. Hu W, Zhang K, Zhang H, Zhang B, and Rong B. 2015. Analysis of polychromy binder on Qin Shihuangs Terracotta Warriors by immunofluorescence microscopy. Journal of Cultural Heritage 16(2):244-248. Hu Y-Q, Zhang Z-L, Bera S, Ferguson DK, Li C-S, Shao W-B, and Wang Y-F. 2007. What can pollen grains from the Terracotta Army tell us? Journal of Archaeological Science 34:1153-1157. Kesner L. 1995. Likeness of No One: (Re)presenting the First Emperors Army. The Art Bulletin 77(1):115-132. Li R, and Li G. 2015. Provenance study of the terracotta army of Qin Shihuangs mausoleum by fuzzy cluster analysis. Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2015:2-2. Li XJ, Bevan A, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Rehren TH, Cao W, Xia Y, and Zhao K. 2014. Crossbows and imperial craft organisation: the bronze triggers of Chinas Terracotta Army. Antiquity 88(339):126-140. Li XJ, Martinà ³n-Torres M, Meeks ND, Xia Y, and Zhao K. 2011. Inscriptions, filing, grinding and polishing marks on the bronze weapons from the Qin Terracotta Army in China. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(3):492-501. Liu Z, Mehta A, Tamura N, Pickard D, Rong B, Zhou T, and Pianetta P. 2007. Influence of Taoism on the invention of the purple pigment used on the Qin terracotta warriors. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(11):1878-1883. Martinon-Torres M. 2011. Making Weapons for the Terracotta Army. Archaeology International 13:67-75. Wei S, Ma Q, and Schreiner M. 2012. Scientific investigation of the paint and adhesive materials used in the Western Han dynasty polychromy terracotta army, Qingzhou, China. Journal of Archaeological Science 39(5):1628-1633.